Bodza-Lumor Victor

Create Videos Using Google Streetview Hyperlapse

Been a while since I posted anything on this platform. I have been involved in some geotechnical work and I sincerely apologize to all my readers.

I digress and state that the advancement in GIS technology is far from astonishing. I read this article from GISLounge and am posting it here for your reading pleasure.

 

Have you ever dreamt of taking a long road trip? Have you ever thought about touring the metropolis’ of New York, Hong Kong, and London, or simply taking a leisurely drive through the Alps? Now, you can. And you don’t even have to leave your living room in this latest armchair geography contribution. Recently, +labs, a division of Teehan+Lax, a Canada-based technology design agency, released Google Street View Hyperlapse that allows you to create videos of your favorite routes around the world.

Hyper-lapse photography is a technique of putting together time-lapse and large, sweeping camera motions that are usually focused around a single point-of-interest. The idea isn’t new and can be seen in great abundance on sites such as Vimeo. However, such videos are tedious to construct, requiring hours upon hours of stitching together images taken from meticulously mapped areas. +labs wanted to make the entire hyperlapse process easier and began by sourcing images from Google Street View.

Developed by motion designer Jonas Naimark, he began by thinking that Street View could only be used as an aid, but he quickly found that it could be used as a primary source material. The company decided to create a friendly user interface to allow anyone to create their own hyperlapse video. With Google Street View Hyperlapse, users simply select a starting point and an ending point, click “Create”, and Google Street View Hyperlapse stitches together a video loop from the static images provided by Street View. The company says that the site provides the best results on long, straight, flat roads, especially bridges, freeways and tunnels. While virtually traveling from the users selected beginning and ending, the user is also able to click on points-of-interest and change the camera angle to broaden their view of the area. w

To allow for a widespread use of Google Street View Hyperlapse, the site settings are placed fairly low, allowing a maximum of 60 frames per second for videos. The shorter the route, the smoother the hyperlapse.  To create a hyperlapes video first type in a location on Google Maps to zoom to.  Then select the starting (A) and ending point (B) of the trip they want to capture.  Once the route has been set up, hit the “create” button.  Processing time depends on how long the route is.  I select a small segment through the campus of UCLA to capture and it took less than a minute to create.  The bottom of the screen shows the progression of the route from A to B and back again.  You can pause the video by hit the space bar and pan around a single frame with your mouse. An overview map also shows the location of the video frames.

Hyperlapse video through UCLA.

Hyperlapse video through UCLA.

The company has posted the source code, examples, and document for the program on Github, making it easier for developers to experiment with higher image resolution, higher frame rates and exceedingly complicated camera movements.

Users can also view premade travel videos under the “Featured” section of the site. The featured videos include premade videos of common and exotic points-of-interests around the world such as the Manhattan and Golden Gate Bridges, the Australian Outback and Hong Kong.

Hyperlapse uses Web GL and works best in Google Chrome.

Bodza-Lumor Victor

Try open source technology

One of the most important advances in information systems technology today is without doubt the open source community. GIS has not been left out of the pact. With open source software freely available one can practically move from a novice to a pro without spending a dime.This article from gisLounge will give you a head start……………………………………………………………………………….

 

There are two options for test driving open source GIS software without having to individually download and install applications on your computer: OSGeo-Live and Portable GIS.

OSGeo-Live 6.0

OSGeo-Live 6.0 offers bootable DVD and thumb drive options for testing driving a range of Open Source GIS without having to install anything on your computer.  Once configured, the bootable DVD or thumb drive is loaded with almost 50 open source GIS applications covering free software for crisis management, GIS desktop software, web mapping, database management for GIS data, spatial tools, geospatial libraries, and installers for Windows and Mac machines.  Additionally, the DVD is also loaded with GIS data from Natural Earth and OpenStreetMap.

OSGeo has a full list of the open source GIS applications it makes available on the DVD with links to information about each application. Some of the more recognizable open source GIS applications available via OSGeo-Live are: QGIS, gvSIG, GRASS, OpenLayers, Geomajas, Ushahidi, PostGIS, GeoServer, MapServer, and R for Spatial Data.   This is only a small listing of the applications available.

To get started, download the appropriate ISO image of the Xubuntu based bootable DVD.  The full ISO image download is 8 GB and includes the Macintosh and Windows installers.  There is also a mini installer that doesn't contain the installers (3.2 GB) and a 7-Zip compressed file of the mini installer (2.8 GB).

Once the bootable DVD or thumb drive has been setup, reboot your machine with the DVD or thumb drive inserted.  Step through the startup to boot up your machine with Xubuntu.  From there, you can select and run from the Geospatial menu a list of categorized open source GIS applications.

OSGeo-Live provides an all in one option for test driving open source GIS applications without having to individually downloading and installing each one on your machine. (HT: Tom Kukitz)

There are two options for test driving open source GIS software without having to individually download and install applications on your computer: OSGeo-Live and Portable GIS.

OSGeo-Live 6.0

OSGeo-Live 6.0 offers bootable DVD and thumb drive options for testing driving a range of Open Source GIS without having to install anything on your computer.  Once configured, the bootable DVD or thumb drive is loaded with almost 50 open source GIS applications covering free software for crisis management, GIS desktop software, web mapping, database management for GIS data, spatial tools, geospatial libraries, and installers for Windows and Mac machines.  Additionally, the DVD is also loaded with GIS data from Natural Earth and OpenStreetMap.

OSGeo has a full list of the open source GIS applications it makes available on the DVD with links to information about each application. Some of the more recognizable open source GIS applications available via OSGeo-Live are: QGIS, gvSIG, GRASS, OpenLayers, Geomajas, Ushahidi, PostGIS, GeoServer, MapServer, and R for Spatial Data.   This is only a small listing of the applications available.

To get started, download the appropriate ISO image of the Xubuntu based bootable DVD.  The full ISO image download is 8 GB and includes the Macintosh and Windows installers.  There is also a mini installer that doesn't contain the installers (3.2 GB) and a 7-Zip compressed file of the mini installer (2.8 GB).

Once the bootable DVD or thumb drive has been setup, reboot your machine with the DVD or thumb drive inserted.  Step through the startup to boot up your machine with Xubuntu.  From there, you can select and run from the Geospatial menu a list of categorized open source GIS applications.

OSGeo-Live provides an all in one option for test driving open source GIS applications without having to individually downloading and installing each one on your machine. (HT: Tom Kukitz)

OSGeo-Live - bootable DVD with open source GIS preloaded.

OSGeo-Live - bootable DVD with open source GIS preloaded.

Portable GIS

A similar endeavor is the Portable GIS setup provided by Joanne Cooke of the Archaegeek site (previously: Portable GIS and GIS on a USB stick – Take 2).  Portable GIS v3 was launched in September of 2012.  Portable GIS offers a limited number of open source GIS applications and tools and is meant to run directly in the Windows environment.  Access to the download file is through Dropbox and contains:

  • Desktop GIS packages QGIS (with GRASS plugin) version 1.8
  • FWTools (GDAL and OGR toolkit)
  • Apache2 and Php5
  • PostgreSQL (version 9.0)/Postgis (version 1.5)
  • Mapserver 5.6 and 6, OpenLayers.
  • Python 2.7
  • Loader- for loading gml such as Ordnance Survey Mastermap into a PostgreSQL Database
  • Utilities- portable firefox, pdf reader and text editor

OSGeo-Live - bootable DVD with open source GIS preloaded.

Portable GIS

A similar endeavor is the Portable GIS setup provided by Joanne Cooke of the Archaegeek site (previously: Portable GIS and GIS on a USB stick – Take 2).  Portable GIS v3 was launched in September of 2012.  Portable GIS offers a limited number of open source GIS applications and tools and is meant to run directly in the Windows environment.  Access to the download file is through Dropbox and contains:

  • Desktop GIS packages QGIS (with GRASS plugin) version 1.8
  • FWTools (GDAL and OGR toolkit)
  • Apache2 and Php5
  • PostgreSQL (version 9.0)/Postgis (version 1.5)
  • Mapserver 5.6 and 6, OpenLayers.
  • Python 2.7
  • Loader- for loading gml such as Ordnance Survey Mastermap into a PostgreSQL Database
  • Utilities- portable firefox, pdf reader and text editor

Bodza-Lumor Victor

Hurricane Isaac Mapped

Projected to make landfall tonight at the southwest pass of the Mississippi River, a recently reclassified Hurricane Isaac has a lot of residents of the Gulf Coast.  The hurricane is currently a category 1 with winds of 75 MPH.  The hurricane is expected to make landfall later today.

There are a multitude of resources for tracking the path of Hurricane Isaac and evacuation areas.  For government sources, visit the National Hurricane Center's Hurricane Isaac page for a variety of maps and tables.  NOAAwatch.gov has Hurricane Isaac maps as well as satellite imagery.  NASA's Earth Observatory has a stunning image capturing Hurricane Isaac taken by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Terra satellite on August 23, 2012.

Interactive Maps of Hurricane Isaac

Listed here are a few of the offerings from the multitude of sites that provide live tracking of Hurricane Isaac as it approaches the Gulf of Mexico and hits landfall as a hurricane. These interactive sites show the path of the storm and indicate the changes in strength along the way as the storm develops from a tropical storm to a hurricane.  The sites also show the project path and strength of the hurricane once it makes landfall.

Esri has an online map with storm related overlays (storm surge, active hurricanes, past hurricanes, weather warnings, and precipitation levels) along with social media content from YouTube, Twitter, and Flickr.

Hurricane Isaac Mapping from Esri

Hurricane Isaac Mapping from Esri

The NY Times has a Hurricane Isaac Tracking map that pulls data from the National Weather Service to track the current location, path and strength categories to date, and the project path of the hurricane.  Hover the mouse over each point for a window with quick statistics about wind speed forecast, time estimate, and category type.

Hurricane Isaac Tracking Map - NY Times

Hurricane Isaac Tracking Map - NY Times

Googles' Crisis Response center has a consolidated map for Hurricane Isaac.  Data is pulled from NOAA's National Hurricane Center, FEMA, the American Red Cross, NYC Datamine, and the Navy Research Lab.  Each data source has a link to download the associated KML file.

image

Hurricane Isaac Map from Google's Crisis Response Center

Want to track Hurricane Isaac on your smartphone?  Time's Techland blog put together list of hurricane tracking apps last year in anticipation of Hurricane Irene for iOS and Android devices.

Hurricane Isaac Satellite Imagery

The European Space Agency's Proba-2 microsatellite captured Tropical Storm Isaac on August 27, 2012 west of the Florida coast as it moved toward the Gulf Coast.  The microsatellite's experimental X-Cam (Exploration Camera) is about the size of an expresso cup.  Proba-2's main mission is collecting data about the Sun and space weather.

The X-Cam - Exploration Camera - on ESA’s Proba-2 microsatellite caught this view of soon-to-be Hurricane Isaac as it moved west of the Florida coast into the Gulf of Mexico at 11:38:33 GMT on Monday 27 August 2012.   Credits: ESA

The X-Cam - Exploration Camera - on ESA’s Proba-2 microsatellite caught this view of soon-to-be Hurricane Isaac as it moved west of the Florida coast into the Gulf of Mexico at 11:38:33 GMT on Monday 27 August 2012.
Credits: ESA

Historical Hurricane Paths

John Nelson of IDV Solutions mapped out historic hurricane and tropical storm paths.  Using storm data from NOAA, Nelson mapped out known storm locations dating back to 1851.  Using a polar projection (South Pole Stereographic with Antarctica in the middle of the map, the Americas to the right, Africa at the bottom, and Australia and Asia to the left), Nelson mapped out the intensity by color which created a visually appealing display (the darkest green is the highest intensity, light blue is the lowest intensity storm).

Map of hurricanes and tropical storms since 1851.

Map of hurricanes and tropical storms since 1851.

Bodza-Lumor Victor

Attribute Data

I’ve been looking into one of my favorite topics, Geodatabase design and implementation recently and I’m having a lot of fun with it.I will actually be going into the subject very soon. An associated concept is attribute data and a good understanding of it will help you actually grasp the concept. I therefore urge you to read this post carefully.

Features are things you can actually see on a landscape such as roads, buildings etc. Features have geometry (point, polyline or polygon) and attributes which describes the feature. For example in the table below,

Dataset Entity

Spatial Data
Type (Geometry)

Attribute (Tabular)Table
Soil Class Polygon

Surface Rockiness,
Surface Rockiness,
Erosion/Deposition,
Area Affected,
Degree of Erosion,
Sensitivity of
Capping,
Rootable Depth

an entity such as a soil class with a spatial data type of a polygon can have attributes shown in the attribute(tabular) column.

Attributes for a vector feature are stored in tables.Tables are composed of columns and rows. A column represents a list of the types of items that each table will store and commonly referred to as a field.Each field in the attribute table contains contains a specific data type i.e text,numeric or date. A row, a record or tuple on the other hand refers to a line of data within a table.The records in the attribute table in a GIS each correspond to one feature.The GIS application links the attribute records with the feature geometry so that you can find records in the table by selecting features on the map, and find features on the map by selecting features in the table. A typical example of an attribute table layout is shown below.

 

Attribute Table Field 1 Field 2 Field 3
Record 1      
Record 2      

Importance of attribute Data

  • Setting feature symbology
  • Attribute data can also be useful when creating map labels.
  • useful in carrying out spatial analysis.

Bodza-Lumor Victor

Coordinate Reference System(CRS) and Map Projections(2)

Coordinate Reference System

The Coordinate Reference System can be divided into projected coordinate reference systems (also called Cartesian or rectangular coordinate reference systems) and geographic coordinate reference systems.

The Geographic Coordinate Reference System

The geographic coordinate system is one of the most common coordinate systems in use. It uses degrees of latitude and longitude to describe a location on the earth’s surface.

Lines of latitude run parallel to the equator and divide the earth into 180 equal portions from north to south (or south to north). The reference latitude is the equator and each hemisphere is divided into ninety equal portions, each representing one degree of latitude.In the northern hemisphere degrees of latitude are measured from zero at the equator to ninety at the north pole. In the southern hemisphere degrees of latitude are measured from zero at the equator to ninety degrees at the south pole. To simplify the digitization of maps, degrees of latitude in the southern hemisphere are often assigned negative values (0 to -90°). Wherever you are on the earth’s surface, the distance between lines of latitude is the same (60 nautical miles,), so they conform to the uniform grid criterion assigned to a useful grid system.

Lines of longitude, however, do not stand up so well to the standard
of uniformity. Lines of longitude run perpendicular to the equator and converge at the poles. The reference line for longitude (the prime meridian) runs from the North pole to the South pole through Greenwich, England. Subsequent lines of longitude are measured from zero to 180 degrees East or West of the prime meridian. Note that values West of the prime meridian are assigned negative values for use in digital mapping applications.

Only at the equator,does the distance represented by one line of
longitude equal to the distance represented by one degree of latitude. As you
move towards the poles, the distance between lines of longitude becomes
progressively less, until, at the exact location of the pole, all 360° of longitude
are represented by a single point that you could put your finger on (you
probably would want to wear gloves though). Using the geographic coordinate
system, we have a grid of lines dividing the earth into squares that cover
approximately 12363.365 square kilometers at the equator.

To be truly useful, a map grid must be divided into small enough sections so
that they can be used to describe the location of a point on the map within an acceptable level of accuracy. To accomplish this, degrees are divided into
minutes (') and seconds ("). There are sixty minutes in a degree, and sixty
seconds in a minute (3600 seconds in a degree). So, at the equator, one
second of latitude or longitude = 30.87624 meters.

 

Projected Coordinate Reference System

A projected coordinate system is a flat, two-dimensional representation of the Earth. It is based on a sphere or spheroid geographic coordinate system, but it uses linear units of measure for coordinates, so that calculations of distance and area are easily done in terms of those same units.

The latitude and longitude coordinates are converted to x, y coordinates on the flat projection. The x coordinate is usually the eastward direction of a point, and the y coordinate is usually the northward direction of a point.The center line that runs east and west is referred to as the x axis, and the center line that runs north and south is referred to as the y axis.

The intersection of the x and y axes is the origin and usually has a coordinate of (0,0). The values above the x axis are positive, and the values below the x axis are negative. The lines parallel to the x axis are equidistant from each other. The values to the right of the y axis are positive, and the values to the left of the y axis are negative. The lines parallel to the y axis are equidistant.

In a three-dimensional coordinate reference system, another axis, normally labeled Z, is added. It is also at right angles to the X and Y axes. The Z axis provides the third dimension of space.

image

Examples of commonly used projected coordinate reference system are the Universal Transverse Mercator(UTM) and  WGS84 commonly seen on most maps.

Bodza-Lumor Victor

Coordinate Reference System(CRS) and Map Projections (1)

A map projection is any method used to portray all parts of a sphere or three-dimensional body(the round earth) on a plane or flat surface. A coordinate reference system(CRS) helps to define using coordinates how a  two dimensional projected map in a GIS is related to real places on the earth’s surface.Every flat map misrepresents the surface of the Earth in some way.Therefore the decision as to which map projection and coordinate reference system to use, depends on the regional extent of the area you want to work in, on the analysis you want to do and to a lesser extent on the availability of data. A basic knowledge of the properties of commonly used projections helps in selecting a map that comes closest to fulfilling a specific need.

Map Projections

Map projections are an important aspect of all mapping as all maps require the transformation of the surface of the spherical earth to a flat surface.       

The following are the importance of Projections to mapping and GIS:

  • They are used to focus reader's attention
  • Amplify and provide selective detail for map's message
  • Most importantly,poorly chosen map projections can distort your thematic data

Families of Map Projections

The process of creating map projections can be visualized by positioning a light source inside a transparent globe on which opaque earth features are placed. Then projecting the feature outlines onto a two-dimensional flat piece of paper.The families of map projections depend on the kind of flattenable surface you are projecting the sphere onto.

image

Illustration 1: The three families of map projections. They can be represented
by a)planar projections , b) conical projections or c) cylindrical projections

 

Therefore there are three families of map projections. The azimuthal or planar,conical and cylindrical projections corresponding to projections onto a plane, a cone and a cylinder respectively.

Accuracy Of Map Projections

Map projection process always results in some kind of distortions. There are distortions of angular conformity, distance and area.

A map projection may combine several of these characteristics, or may be a compromise that distorts all the properties of area, distance and angular conformity, within some acceptable limit. Examples of compromise projections being the Winkel Tripel projection and the Robinson projection often used for world maps.

Map Projections with Angular Conformity 

Correct angular conformity can be maintained on a map. A map projection that retains this property of angular conformity is called a conformal or orthomorphic projection.They are usually used in situations where it is prudent to preserve angular conformity.Examples are the Lambert
Conformal Conic projection and the Mercator projection.It is useful in navigational or meteorological tasks.

Equal-Area Map Projections

A map projection in which areas on a sphere, and the areas of any features contained on it, are mapped to the plane in such a way that two are related by a constant scaling factor.Equal-area projections are also called equivalent, homolographic, homalographic or equiareal

Equal area projections result in distortions of angular conformity when dealing with large areas. Small areas will be far less prone to having their angles distorted when you use an equal area projection. Examples are  Alber's
equal area, Lambert's equal area and Mollweide Equal Area Cylindrical
projections.They are usually used in educational maps.

Equal Distance Map Projections

A map projection in which the distances between one or two points and every other point on the map differ from the corresponding distances on the sphere by only a constant scaling factor.A map is equidistant when it correctly represents distances from the center of the projection to any other place on the map. Equidistant projections maintain accurate distances from the center of the projection or along given lines.Usually used for radio and seismic mapping and navigation.Examples are Plate Carree Equidistant Cylindrical and Equirectangular projection.

 

I think this post is getting boringNyah-Nyah. I’ll continue later…………………….

Bodza-Lumor Victor

Raster Images

 

Raster images come in the form of individual pixels. Each spatial location or resolution element has an associated pixel value, which indicates the coordinates, elevation, and any relevant attribute data, such as a color or ID number.

For GIS, CAD, or other mapping applications, raster image data is acquired by satellite or airborne sensors, such as GeoEye-1, Worldview-2, Worldview-1, QuickBird, or IKONOS, high resolution satellite sensors. The spatial resolution is determined by the resolution of the acquisition device, as well as the quality of the original data source. Because a raster image must have pixels for all spatial locations, the size of the represented spatial area is strictly limited. When the spatial resolution is doubled, the total size of a two-dimensional raster image increases by 400%, as the number of pixels is doubled in both X and Y dimensions. The same is true when a larger area is to be covered using the same spatial resolution.

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